A new study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center shows that clinical alerts driven by artificial intelligence (AI) can help doctors identify patients at risk for suicide, potentially improving prevention efforts in routine medical settings. A team led by Colin Walsh, MD, MA, associate professor of Biomedical Informatics, Medicine and Psychiatry, tested whether their AI system, called the Vanderbilt Suicide Attempt and Ideation Likelihood model (VSAIL), could effectively prompt doctors in three neurology clinics at VUMC to screen patients for suicide risk during regular clinic visits.

The study, reported in JAMA Network Open, compared two approaches — automatic pop-up alerts that interrupted the doctor’s workflow versus a more passive system that simply displayed risk information in the patient’s electronic chart. The study found that the interruptive alerts were far more effective, leading doctors to conduct suicide risk assessments in connection with 42% of screening alerts, compared to just 4% with the passive system.

Most people who die by suicide have seen a health care provider in the year before their death, often for reasons unrelated to mental health,” Walsh said. “But universal screening isn’t practical in every setting. We developed VSAIL to help identify high-risk patients and prompt focused screening conversations. Suicide has been on the rise in the U.S. for a generation and is estimated to claim the lives of 14.2 in 100,000 Americans each year, making it the nation’s 11th leading cause of death. Studies have shown that 77% of people who die by suicide have contact with primary care providers in the year before their death.

Calls to improve risk screening have led researchers to explore ways to identify patients most in need of assessment. The VSAIL model, which Walsh’s team developed at Vanderbilt, analyzes routine information from electronic health records to calculate a patient’s 30-day risk of suicide attempt. In earlier prospective testing, where VUMC patient records were flagged but no alerts were fired, the model proved effective at identifying high-risk patients, with one in 23 individuals flagged by the system later reporting suicidal thoughts.

In the new study, when patients identified as high-risk by VSAIL came for appointments at Vanderbilt’s neurology clinics, their doctors received on a randomized basis either the interruptive or non-interruptive alerts. The research focused on neurology clinics because certain neurological conditions are associated with increased suicide risk.  The researchers suggested that similar systems could be tested in other medical settings.The automated system flagged only about 8% of all patient visits for screening,” Walsh said. “This selective approach makes it more feasible for busy clinics to implement suicide prevention efforts.

Source: https://news.vumc.org/2025/01/03/ai-tested-for-alerting-clinicians-of-suicide-risk-at-three-vumc-clinics/